Which pair would say that regardless of culture, humans have an instinct to fight?

Which pair would say that regardless of culture, humans have an instinct to fight?

• A. Jung and Darwin
• B. Freud and Erikson
• C. Freud and Lorenz
• D. Bandura and Piaget

Answer: (C)

The idea being tested is that aggression is an innate, universal tendency that shows up across cultures. Konrad Lorenz argued that aggression is an instinct—an innate pattern of behavior shared by many species that can be triggered regardless of culture. Sigmund Freud likewise treated aggressive impulses as part of powerful internal drives that push human behavior, not something learned only from the environment. Together, they support the view that fighting tendencies can be rooted in biology and instinct, crossing cultural boundaries. The other thinkers focus on different domains—developmental stages, learning from others, or cognitive processes—without making a universal claim about an innate fighting impulse. So Freud and Lorenz together best capture the notion of an instinct to fight that transcends culture.

The idea being tested is that aggression is an innate, universal tendency that shows up across cultures. Konrad Lorenz argued that aggression is an instinct—an innate pattern of behavior shared by many species that can be triggered regardless of culture. Sigmund Freud likewise treated aggressive impulses as part of powerful internal drives that push human behavior, not something learned only from the environment. Together, they support the view that fighting tendencies can be rooted in biology and instinct, crossing cultural boundaries.

The other thinkers focus on different domains—developmental stages, learning from others, or cognitive processes—without making a universal claim about an innate fighting impulse. So Freud and Lorenz together best capture the notion of an instinct to fight that transcends culture.