Which theorist proposed the eight-stage model of psychosocial development, including an eight stage called Integrity Versus Despair?

Which theorist proposed the eight-stage model of psychosocial development, including an eight stage called Integrity Versus Despair?

• A. Sigmund Freud
• B. Jean Piaget
• C. Erik Erikson
• D. Carl Jung

Answer: (C)

The question tests understanding of who mapped out the eight stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan, including the final stage, Integrity versus Despair. Erik Erikson is the theorist who proposed this framework. In his model, late adulthood brings the stage of Integrity versus Despair, where individuals reflect on their lives. If they feel a sense of fulfillment and acceptance of their choices, they develop integrity and wisdom; if they view their life with regrets, they may experience despair and dissatisfaction. This differs from Freud, who focused on psychosexual stages driven by pleasure zones; Piaget, who outlined stages of cognitive development; and Jung, who emphasized personality types and individuation rather than an eight-stage life-span sequence.

The question tests understanding of who mapped out the eight stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan, including the final stage, Integrity versus Despair. Erik Erikson is the theorist who proposed this framework. In his model, late adulthood brings the stage of Integrity versus Despair, where individuals reflect on their lives. If they feel a sense of fulfillment and acceptance of their choices, they develop integrity and wisdom; if they view their life with regrets, they may experience despair and dissatisfaction.

This differs from Freud, who focused on psychosexual stages driven by pleasure zones; Piaget, who outlined stages of cognitive development; and Jung, who emphasized personality types and individuation rather than an eight-stage life-span sequence.